As indicated in my previous post, I am now about to summarize my developer experience for the platform Blackberry 10. As written before, the regular way of developing applications for this platform is to use the Momentics IDE or QtCreator.
Those environment usually generate the necessary qmake build system files, bar files for you to a certain extent I guess. Admittedly, I have never used them for this purpose, so this is just a gut feeling. Anyway, this is not so important for the scope of this post.
Goal
When I had started to develop my first application, I made some research if it had ben possible to develop applications the way I like: command line and cmake. For those of you, who are not familiar with cmake, it is a nice cross-platform Makefile generator thoroughly used in many projects. One open source reference is KDE for this.
Interestingly enough, I got some messages in private after my cmake based projects that people found those files and used in a similar fashion one by one. This is nice, but some explanation is necessary for newcomers. So, let us dig into more details about this.
CMake Toolchain file
In order to make cross-platform development with cmake, usually one has to produce a correct toolchain file. I looked around on the internet, and there was some examples available for QNX. I took one of those essentially to start off with. That is also one reason why it is a bit bloated, and a much simpler would be enough for achieving what we wish to.
If you are not interested in the underlying operation, you can skip the explanation below, and you can just use my toolchain file right away.
The important changes I made were the followings:
- Use the proper toolchain binary
Use the 'qcc' build wrapper. It is essentially a wrapper around the compiler, linker, and so forth. You can find more complete documentation about it here.
This is a very important change because I started with the "ntoarmv7-g++" which is a link to the "arm-unknown-nto-qnx8.0.0eabi-g++-4.6.3" toolchain file. I also tried the latter directly, but I encountered crash for my applications even for a very simple test case without cmake. The program crashed even before entering the main function. It took me two nights at least to track the problem down.
- Use the proper toolchain binary flags
Once I figured out I would have to use 'qcc', there were still some problems that I encountered, albeit slightly different. I had to realize the usage of certain flags is necessary. Once I made it work with the proper flags without any build system, I had to figure out the proper way of setting that for the toolchain file. Now, we have all the information necessary so here it goes the statement:
| -> SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ARG1 "-Vgcc_ntoarmv7le -lang-c++) |
|---|
- Instruct cmake to use the toolchain file created
- The location of the toolchain file
So this is the entire command I use from the build folder: -> cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="../frontends/blackberry/cmake/Toolchain-QNX-8.0.0.cmake" .. && make VERBOSE =1 |
Find modules for Cascades libraries
This is also a very important step to find the Cascades libraries for your application. This was not a big deal, albeit I have not had time to solve this issue nicely either. So, there are rooms for improvements. :)
I have created separate cmake find modules for each library for the time being, but perhaps it should be handled more like Qt4 with a joint find module, and one can request anything out of that. So, there would be a macro with a few parameters. It would not be then necessary to copy and paste the code. If you are not up to that contribution, you probably better go with the files I created. You can find them below.
Deploying the application to the device
I wrote a primitive python script for this after gathering all the information what flags to use. Here you can the result. This one is more or less just a hint as it cannot be used that directly. I chose python because then I can also use this on Windows and elsewhere as python is a nice cross-platform scripting language.
Essentially, there are several tools that have to be used for installing and then launching the application on the device from your host system:
- Set up the Blackberry NDK environment
I personally made an alias for this, but here you can find the comment:
-> source /opt/bbndk/bbndk-env.sh
- blackberry-connect
-> ifconfig usb0 169.254.0.2
-> blackberry-connect 169.254.0.1 -password devicepassword -sshPublicKey ~/.ssh/id_rsa_rim.pub
- blackberry-nativepackager
Here you can find an example how to use it:
-> blackberry-nativepackager -package -target bar test.bar /path/to/the/bar/descriptor/xml/file.xml -devMode
- blackberry-deploy
-> blackberry-deploy -installApp -device 169.254.0.1 -launchApp -password devicepassword -package test.bar
Debugging from command line
A simple ssh connection can be used for logging into the device once the development mode is switched on in the settings. It has to be done after each boot as of now on my devalpha, at least. Make sure the connection is established properly and the blackberry-connect process is still up. Here you can find the command for that:
-> ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_rim devuser@169.254.0.1
Once this is done, there are some tricks to get information about QML syntax issues, C++ crashes, reading your intended log file, and so forth:
-> slog2info -w
or/and
-> cd /accounts/1000/appdata/${id_from_the_bar_descriptor_file}/logs && cat log
You can also get the screenshots created on the device by pressing the two volume buttons simultaneously:
-> scp -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_rim devuser@169.254.0.1:/accounts/1000/shared/camera/IMG_*.png /path/to/the/directory/to/store/the/screenhots
Application signing for AppWorld
Here you can find the command I used:
-> blackberry-nativepackager -package -target bar test.bar /path/to/the/bar/descriptor/file.xml -sign -cskpass devicepassword -buildId 1
Note: Do not forget that you have to increase the -buildId value for each new signing.
Testing someone else's application
This is also a common request that someone would like to get feedback about the application before even getting approved in the AppWorld. In such cases, you may request your friends and acquaintances to test it. This could also happen vice versa so that you are asked for testing an application and provide feedback. Hence, it is useful to know how you can do that. Here is the command I used.
-> blackberry-deploy -installApp -device 169.254.0.1 -launchApp -password devicepassword -package test.bar
Conclusion
Like many things in the life, this is also possible. I do not find any issues with this workflow for application development, but I am a bit strange developer. I am glad to have found the way I like spending my time. Many thanks go to Bill Hoffman from Kitware for patiently helping me with cmake issues on the cmake mailing list.
Hope, it helps some people out there.
Happy Blackberry 10 hacking! :-)
